Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
The presented paper introduces a new methodology of experimental testing procedures\nrequired by the complex systems of electric vehicles (EV). This methodology is based on real-time\nconnection of test setups and platforms, which may be situated in different geographical locations,\nbelong to various cyber-physical domains, and are united in a global X-in-the-loop (XIL) experimental\nenvironment. The proposed concept, called XILforEV, allows exploring interdependencies between\nvarious physical processes that can be identified or investigated in the process of EV development.\nThe paper discusses the following relevant topics: global XILforEV architecture; realization of required\nhigh-confidence models using dynamic data driven application systems (DDDAS) and multi fidelity\nmodels (MFM) approaches; and formulation of case studies to illustrate XILforEV applications....
This contribution deals with the topic of the consistent further development of a wheel\nhub motor for battery electric vehicles (BEV) based on the principle of an outer rotor switched\nreluctance machine (SRM). The research work presented in this paper was founded by the\nERDF.NRW program, Investment for Growth and Employment and the European Regional\nDevelopment Fund. The R&D project was named Switched-Reluctance fo(u)r wheel (SR4Wheel).\nBased on the experience made by first prototype Evolution 0 (EVO 0), developed in the Laboratory\nfor Automation Engineering, Power Electronics and Electrical Drives of the Cologne University of\nApplied Sciences (CUAS), the test results of EVO 1, as well as the redesign, EVO 2 is presented in\nthis paper. The prototype EVO 0, a first proof of concept leads to several optimizations and lessons\nlearned for the predecessor model EVO 1. The overall target of developing such a gearless outer\nrotor wheel hub motor is the full integration of the complete machine including its power electronics\ninto the given space between the original friction brake and the rim. Furthermore, due to the\nadditional integration of the power electronics, great opportunities in terms of new vehicle design\nas well as retrofitting capabilities of already existing vehicle platforms can be achieved. Thereby,\nfurther drive train assembly space like the engine compartment is no longer necessary. The SRM\ndoes not require magnets for torque production which leads to independence from the changeable\ncommodity prices on the rare earth element markets. This paper presents the developing process,\ntesting, and verification of the innovative drive train concept starting with the final CAD of EVO 1.\nDuring the testing and verification process a machine characteristic mapping is performed on a\ndrive train test bench and subsequently the results of a finite element analysis (FEA) are plausibility\nchecked by the test bench results. The process continues with energy conversion test scenarios of\nthe project demonstrator vehicle on a roller test bench focused on noise vibration harshness (NVH)\nbehavior and efficiency. As a conclusion, the gained knowledge by evaluating two EVO 1\nprototypes on the rear axle of the test vehicle, and the design for the front axle drive train EVO 2\nwill be presented. As a major task on the front axle, the limited space due to the large disc brake can\nbe identified and solved....
Road freight transport is responsible for about one-third of road transport emissions and it is\nstill growing. One solution to decarbonize this sector are electric trolley trucks powered by overhead\nlines. We compare electric trolley trucks to conventional diesel vehicles from a techno-economic\nperspective in Germany up to 2030. We find that an infrastructure set-up ordered by utilization of\nroads can be financed up to 2700 km with higher savings than cost. The impact on the energy system\nis lower than expected and the largest impacts are found in rural areas with highway intersections.\nFurther fields of research are discussed....
The electrification of transport in Europe is in the early stages of a market transformation\nthat has the potential to significantly cut emissions in both the transportation and energy sectors, while\ngenerating wider benefits for society. The research underpinning this study finds that the greatest\nvalue from integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid can be generated by charging them\nwhen and where it is most beneficial for the power system, while ensuring consumersâ?? mobility needs\nare met at an affordable cost. An emerging body of research on electric vehicle grid integration focuses\non modeling the cost of integration under various scenarios, but few studies look at the existing\npromising practices that are based on policy tools in use today. The authors of this study conducted\na qualitative review of policies for EV grid integration in the EU and U.S. markets. We found that,\nin order to unlock the environmental and economic opportunities associated with market uptake,\nthree policy strategies are most effective: cost-reflective pricing, intelligent technology, and integrated\ninfrastructure planning. The study also explores the implications of these practices for policymakers\nand regulators in the EU (A short version of this paper was presented at the 32nd Electric Vehicles\nSymposium in Lyon, France, in May 2019)....
This paper investigated a failure in a ventilated disc brake in an automobile. The failed\nbrake disc had been in service for approximately 10 years. The observed failure was in the form\nof radial cracks that appeared to have initiated at the outer edge of the disc brake. The cracks\nwere rather straight with no branching. Optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM),\nand energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the microstructure of the failed\ndisc. Vickers microhardness test was also used to evaluate the hardness of the samples. Results\nshowed that the root cause of crack formation, in this case, was related to the excessive wear in the\nbrake disc. Different wear mechanisms, namely abrasive and adhesive wear, were recognized in the\nfailed specimen. Moreover, the worn surface in some areas was covered with fine oxide particles.\nThese particles appeared to have a significant contribution toward abrasion. To further understand\nthe wear mechanisms, pin-on-disc experiments were also conducted on the samples. Results of\nthe pin-on-disc experiments were compared and correlated to the results obtained from the failed\nbrake disc....
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